one Membrane structure landscape General regulations of the manufacturer

(1) The steel structure design part of the membrane structure shall meet the requirements of the steel structure design code and other relevant regulations.

(2) The internal force and displacement of membrane structure under external load shall be calculated, and the internal force and displacement under temperature change, bearing settlement, construction and installation load shall be calculated according to the specific situation.

(3) The influence of geometric nonlinearity shall be considered in the calculation of membrane structure according to its characteristics of large deformation, and the material properties can be considered as linear.

(4) The cable and membrane in the membrane structure can only bear the tension, but cannot bear the pressure and bending moment. The design shall try to avoid the occurrence of cable membrane relaxation under normal use.

(5) In the design, it shall be ensured that the stress of the membrane material under the load shall not be greater than the allowable stress of the material.

2. Load and load effect combination

(1) The load and load effect combination of the steel structure design part in the membrane structure shall be calculated in accordance with the Load Code for the Design of Building Structures.

(2) The dead load, roof live load, wind load, snow load and initial pretension shall be considered for the load acting on the membrane structure. The load standard value shall be taken in accordance with the relevant provisions in the Load Code for the Design of Building Structures.

(3) The shape coefficient of wind load in membrane structure design shall be determined through special research or wind tunnel test.

(4) The calculation of internal force and stress of membrane materials shall consider the combination of short-term and long-term effects of loads, which shall be combined in several ways.

3. Design steps

(1) The stress state of membrane structure can be divided into prestress zero state, prestress shape and load state. The whole process analysis includes shape analysis, load analysis, cutting analysis and construction process design.

(2) The shape analysis shall determine the geometric shape of the membrane structure in the self equilibrium state that meets a certain initial stress distribution. The shape analysis is the basis for load analysis and cutting analysis.

(3) Load analysis should determine the internal force and displacement of membrane structures that meet the static equilibrium conditions under load.

(4) Trimming analysis is to properly divide the space undevelopable surface according to the geometric topology theory, expand the divided membrane into a plane, and determine the cutting pattern of membrane materials according to the principle of compensation method.

(5) In the design stage of construction process, reasonable construction steps and processes shall be selected and determined to ensure the safety and reliability of the construction process, including determining the steps of introducing initial pretension, arranging the construction sequence, etc.

(6) The shape analysis, load analysis, cutting analysis and construction process design of the membrane structure are mutually affected and restricted. Repeated adjustment is required to finally obtain a curved surface shape that meets the requirements of the building and structure and a suitable cutting method. The membrane structure is tensioned and formed according to the correct construction sequence.

4. Analysis and calculation method

(1) In the stage of shape analysis and load analysis of membrane structures, the commonly used analysis and calculation methods are: force density method, dynamic relaxation method and nonlinear finite element method.

(2) The cutting analysis methods of membrane structures usually include rigid flattening and elastic flattening. The boundary length of adjacent clip blocks shall be equal. In the cutting analysis of membrane structures, the influence of tensile prestress must be considered, and the size of the cutting membrane must be compensated according to the stress-strain relationship of membrane materials.

(3) In the design and calculation of membrane structures, it is necessary to linearize the stress-strain curve of membrane materials, assuming that the membrane materials are linear elastic materials. The material nonlinearity and orthotropy of the membrane should be considered when processing the calculation results.

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