Special fire smoke separation measures shall be taken. Compared with ordinary buildings, Membrane structure parking shed It is a continuous and complete space, and there are no structural columns and beams in the host space. There must be effective fire prevention facilities between the membrane space and its connected parts to prevent the fire from spreading to other spaces outside the membrane space. In ordinary buildings, it is difficult to use firewalls and shutters to divide fire compartments. We can take some special measures, for example, we can use The "fire belt" method is used to divide the fire area, that is, combustible materials are used to divide part of the building. The building components and decorations in this area are all non combustible materials. Effective smoke prevention measures can prevent the fire from spreading from one side of the fire belt to the other side, thus forming an invisible fire isolation area in the space. For the division of smoke prevention area, the structural system above the space can be used to hang the light curtain with refractory fiber as the basic material, which is usually rolled up, automatically lowered after the fire alarm, and hovered at a certain height. For the smoke prevention area, the division area is about 1000m ^ 2, replacing the traditional smoke prevention vertical wall, with obvious effect.
Mechanical smoke prevention and exhaust facilities. For enclosed membrane structure parking shed, mechanical smoke exhaust facilities must be installed. Smoke is usually more terrible than fire. In the fire, smoke spread and visibility was low, delaying the evacuation time; The existence of a large number of high-temperature toxic gases makes people in a low position and gradually lose the ability to escape; High temperature smoke has the same effect on fire as on buildings.
As far as the membrane structure parking shed is concerned, its fire compartment area and evacuation distance have exceeded the standard. Therefore, effective smoke prevention and exhaust design for large space design of such buildings is very important. The first is to control the smoke, and blow the fire smoke into the fixed space through a certain amount of positive gas supply, so that the smoke will not spread irregularly. The second is to store smoke and make use of the large space conditions of the building itself. Design "Smoke storage" to accumulate smoke and form a smoke-free layer at a certain height from the ground. The third is smoke exhaust. Domestic research institutions have proved through computer simulation that if the smoke control system is designed correctly, it can prevent the smoke from accumulating 3 to 4 meters above the ground within 30 to 45 minutes. This time period is particularly valuable for personnel evacuation and also creates favorable conditions for fire fighting.
Use a new fire detection system. The space of the membrane structure parking shed is very large. During the rise, the flue gas is continuously cooled and diluted. When reaching the ceiling, the flue gas concentration and temperature are greatly reduced, which is not enough to start the fire detector. In addition, due to the influence of hot air pressure in the membrane structure parking shed, a thick hot air layer is often formed at the upper part of a large space, which is enough to prevent fire smoke from rising. The ceiling space is very large, which affects the work of fire detectors, so ordinary detectors are not suitable for membrane structures. The membrane structure parking shed adopts new fire alarm technologies such as infrared beam smoke detector, air sampling, linear differential temperature detector, which solves the problem of membrane space early warning.
Use an effective automatic fire extinguishing device. Air pressurized motorized fire water gun shall be set. It can determine the range according to the air pressure to ensure that there is no danger in the membrane space and its middle area.
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